Michael H. Freedman and David A. Meyer, ``Projective plane and planar quantum codes'', quant-ph/9810055.
Cellulations of the projective plane RP2 define single qubit topological quantum error correcting codes since there is a unique essential cycle in H1(RP2;Z2). We construct three of the smallest such codes, show they are inequivalent, and identify one of them as Shor's original 9 qubit repetition code. We observe that Shor's code can be constructed in a planar domain and generalize to planar constructions of higher genus codes for multiple qubits.
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